The research has generated alternative final standings that take into account decisions that will be reviewed under the new regulations this season with Liverpool ultimately finishing a point clear of Manchester City.
One of the most significant changes to a result could have been in April when City hosted Spurs, with Kyle Walker not being penalised for an apparent handball in the penalty area. VAR would have awarded a penalty in this incident and Spurs’ 100 per cent record from the spot suggests they would have scored, leading City to drop two points.
Elsewhere, Chelsea would have finished fourth with two less points if Cesar Azpilicueta’s goal against Cardiff was ruled out for offside.
West Ham would have finished with one more point and one more place with 53 points and nineth place.